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Dieter Scholz
Reach this page via:
http://HOOU.ProfScholz.de
http://OER.AircraftDesign.org
https://purl.org/AircraftDesign/OER
https://legacy.hoou.de/projects/aircraft-design
http://LectureNotesAircraftDesign.ProfScholz.de
http://LectureNotes.AircraftDesign.org
https://purl.org/AircraftDesign
In a practical sense, aircraft design supplies the geometrical description of the aircraft. Traditionally, the output is a three-view drawing and a list of aircraft parameters. Today, the output may also be an electronic 3D model. In the case of civil aircraft, a fuselage cross-section and a cabin layout are provided in addition.
In an abstract sense, aircraft design determines the design parameters that meet the requirements and constraints and that optimize the design objectives. The fundamental requirements for civil aviation are payload and range. Many constraints come from certification rules demanding safety. The objectives are often of a financial nature, such as achieving the lowest operating costs. Aircraft design always strives for the best compromise among conflicting issues.
The design synthesis of an aircraft goes from the conceptual design to the detailed design. Frequently, expert knowledge is needed more than computing power. The typical work involves statistics, the application of inverse methods, and the use of optimization algorithms. Proposed designs are analyzed with respect to aerodynamics (drag), structure (mass), performance as well as longitudinal and lateral stability. A modern aircraft is a complex, computer-controlled combination of its structure, engines, and systems. Passengers demand high comfort at low fares, society demands environmentally friendly aircraft, and investors demand a profitable asset.
Aircraft design in the context of this OER comprises all aircraft types in civil use with an emphasis on civil jet passenger aircraft and business jets. It considers all major aircraft components (wing, fuselage, tail, undercarriage), as well as the integration of engines and systems. The aircraft is seen as part of the air transport system.
PFLAUM, Ellen; SCHOLZ, Dieter: Aircraft Design (Flugzeugentwurf).
In: Synergie - Fachmagazin für Digitalisierung in der Lehre.
Sonderband: HOOU Content Projekte 2015/16, 2017. -
URL: https://www.synergie.uni-hamburg.de
HOOU-Content-Projekte-2015-2016_AircraftDesign.pdf
Geändert am: 27 May 2017,
Größe: 839K
FLITTA, Julia; SCHOLZ, Dieter: Aircraft Design (Entwurf von Passagierflugzeugen). -
URL: http://HOOU.ProfScholz.de
HOOU-Poster_AircraftDesign_2016.pdf
Geändert am: 27 May 2017,
Größe: 1.6M
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Aircraft Design @ HOOU - Teaser German, English subtitles (2016) |
Aircraft Design @ HOOU - Introduction (2016) |
Aircraft Design @ HOOU - Interview Prof. Scholz, German (2016) |
Aircraft Design @ HOOU - Interview Prof. Scholz, English (2016) |
Watch the video The Kid and the Kite (1995). It is about the fascination of aerospace from an industrial perspective. The video is international as it works without words. Interesting is also the philosophical trailer. What do you think about it? Do you think industry can live up these statements in reality?
| Dieter SCHOLZ: Aircraft Design | ||||
| Chapter | Titel | Number of Pages | Remarks | |
| Title Page | 2 | |
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| Contents | 4 | |
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| 1 | Introduction | 7 | |
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| 2 | Aircraft Design Sequence | 6 | |
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| 3 | Requirements and Certification | 6 | |
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| 4 | Aircraft Configurations | 11 | |
Sketch your aircraft ideas with NASA's OpenVSP maybe together with OpenVSP-Connect (Excel) |
| 5 | Preliminary Sizing | 32 | |
Aircraft preliminary sizing, Part 25: Preliminary Sizing Tool: PreSTo-Classic (Excel Workbook) Simple Aircraft Sizing & Optimization: SAS (Excel Workbook) |
| 6 | Fuselage Design | 21 | |
Cabin and fuselage interactive design: Preliminary Sizing Tool, Module 2: PreSTo-Cabin (Excel Workbook) |
| 7 | Wing Design | 43 | |
Paper: Efficiency of Winglets Wing lift curve slope & lift distribution: Diederich Method (Excel Workbook) |
| 8 | High Lift Systems and Maximum Lift Coefficients | 21 | |
Alternative method to wing maximum lift coefficient: Diederich Method (Excel Workbook) |
| 9 | Empennage General Design | 16 | |
Paper: Empennage Sizing with Tail Volume & Method for Dorsal Fin Layout |
| 10 | Mass and Center of Gravity | 24 | |
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| 11 | Empennage Sizing | 29 | |
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| 12 | Landing Gear Conceptual Design and Integration | 13 | |
Author: Bernd Trahmer |
| 13 | Drag Prediction | 16 | |
Zero-lift drag from: a) Sum of wetted areas and equivalent skin friction factor, or b) Drag build-up from major aircraft components. |
| 14 | Design Evaluation / DOC | 32 | |
DOC Calculation: Preliminary Sizing Tool, Module 9: PreSTo-DOC (Excel Workbook) |
| References | 3 | |
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| Sum: | 286 | |||
| Appendix A | Several Approaches to Drag Estimation | 11 | |
Step 1 to the Drag Polar: Zero-lift drag estimation. a) Max. glide ratio estimation. Subsequently: Zero-lift drag from max. glide ratio. b) Wave drag estimation (additional to zero-lift drag). |
| Appendix B | Estimating the Oswald Factor from Basic Aircraft Geometrical Parameter | 35 | |
Step 2 to the Drag Polar: Induced drag estimation. Mcomp = 0.3; M0 = MCR + 0,08; be = 10,8 |
| Sum, Appendix: | 46 | |||
| Summary | Aircraft Design in a Nutshell | 25 | |
Please make much use of this file to get prepared for the examination. |
| Examination | Examination in the Short Course Aircraft Design | 5 | |
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| Solution | Solution for the Examination in the Short Course Aircraft Design | 19 | |
Please check your own results based on what is written here. |
Please see the Aircraft Design page with "official pictures" of teams taking this OER as a short course.
License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Author: Dieter Scholz
Link: http://HOOU.ProfScholz.de
Prof. Dr. Scholz
Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
Aeronautical Engineering
Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
Hamburg University of Applied Sciences