Summer Semester 2022: Distance Education in "Aircraft Systems"

Go back to the main page for the lecture: Aircraft Systems.

Due to our guest students in class in the summer semester, this page is written in English.

Examination: There is a choise. You can participate in the continuous assessment (Quiz and Homework) during the semester (which accounts for 30%) and a standard examination in class at the end of the semester (which accounts for 70%). You will declare on your examination sheet, if you want the continuous assessment to count. If you do not go for it, the standard examination in class will count for 100%.

For the continuous assessment you are given tasks in regular intervals. You can work on these task at any time (you are not bound by the time the lecture is scheduled). But overall, schedule your time, to finish all tasks at the end of the semester and to be well prepared for an examination at the end of the semester. The homework deadlines make sure, we are not loosing track of events during very busy times. The days for each homework given below is only for your reference. The deadline on EMIL to hand in (all) homework sets is 31.07.2022, 23:59 local time.

The course is integration with a Learning Management System (LMS). EMIL = Moodle is used (not so much to present information, but) to add more interactive features in EMIL with direct links: Persistent URLs (PURL):

1. EMIL for FS: http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs (Einschreibeschlüssel/Key: DOCsys)
2. News:  http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs/news
3. Discussion:  http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs/discussion
4. Books:  http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs/books

Tasks => Homework

• WEEKS 1 and 2: Deadline for Homework: 06.04.2022
Tasks:
1. Read: 1 Introduction (English, PW) or 1 Einleitung (German, Open Access).
2. Look at the references to Chapter 1 (page 17-1 to 17-6): Bibliography (English, PW) or Literaturverzeichnis (German, Open Access).
3. During the Teams-Meeting, I walked you quickly through the abundant course notes. Now get familiar yourself with all the information offered. Read again and in more detail the documents I showed you (ATA 100, ...).
4. Check out http://YouTube.ProfScholz.de and watch: Introduction to http://YouTube.ProfScholz.de as well as A320 Family Presentation (1997).
5. Read: D. Scholz: Cost Evaluation of Aircraft Systems. With this, you get additional information related to "1.8 Costs and Trade-off Studies" from the lecture notes.
6. Read: D. Scholz: DOC_SYS - A Method to Evaluate Aircraft Systems (PDF).
Homework 1:
1. What are "Cabin Systems" according to ATA versus industry practice?
2. Which paragraphs (FAR Part 25, EASA CS-25) need to be considered when developing air conditioning systems?
3. What is a "catastrophe" according to EASA CS-25.1309 and related ACJ-25?
4. How is the failure rate defined?
5. How is the failure rate of a parallel system defined?
6. What is redundancy?
7. What is a quadruplex system?
8. What is dispatch reliability?
9. What is secondary power?
10. What are the cost elements of DOC for systems (DOCsys)?
11. Deliver your Homework to EMIL (http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs).
• WEEKS 3 and 4: Deadline of Homework: 20.04.2022
Tasks:
1. DOCsys: Read the background of the method: DOCsys - A Method to Evalutate Aircraft Systems. Find everything for DOCsys here.
2. Install DOCsys: a) Get DOCsys.zip. b) Read the file ReADMe.txt (German) or ReADMe_English.txt and install the program accordingly. Start with a minimum/simple installation (without help files and without Gnuplot). Note: You need to copy msds.sys to the root directory of the c:\ drive.
3. Understand the Graphical User Interface also in English. Open system.db and run the program.
4. ATA 21 and ATA 36: Read the Lecture Notes A321 (English, PW) and download the A321 cockpit panels. Check out the resources on EMIL.
5. ATA 21 and ATA 36: Read the General Lecture Notes (English/German, PW) or go to the Book Chapter "Flugzeugsysteme" (German, Open Access).
Homework 2:
1. Do "Quiz Lecture #1" and "Quiz Lecture #2" on EMIL!
2. Related to task 1 to 3 about the program DOCsys [if you cannot work with the program, calculate with the given equations considering the flight just as being the cruise phase]:
1. Calculate ΔDOCsys per year for 1 kg change of fixed mass Δm with numbers given in the sample input in the DOCsys installation. For a hand calculation take numbers from Presentation: Cost Evaluation of Aircraft Systems on page 84.
2. Calculate ΔDOCsys per year for 1 USD change of system price ΔP_total.
3. Calculate ΔDOCsys per year for 1 kW change of power off-take ΔP.
4. Calculate ΔP_total/Δm, ΔP_total/ΔP, and Δm/ΔP for a fuel price P_F = 0.2 US$/kg with the DOCsys program. ΔP_total: change in total price, Δm: change in fixed mass, ΔP: change in shaft power off-takes. Hint: (ΔDOCsys/Δm) / (ΔDOCsys/ΔP_total) = ΔP_total/Δm. The same "trick" can be applied for the other ratios! Compare with Presentation: Cost Evaluation of Aircraft Systems on page 84.
5. Recalculate ΔP_total/Δm, ΔP_total/ΔP, and Δm/ΔP for a fuel price P_F = 0.8 US$/kg with the DOCsys program.
6. Discuss: What do these ratios mean in aircraft system design (when it comes to e.g. selecting a lighter but more expensive component)? In which way did the ratios change with the new fuel price?
3. Deliver your Homework to EMIL (http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs).
• WEEKS 5 and 6: Deadline for Homework: 04.05.2022
Tasks:
1. ATA 22, 23, 24, 33, 34: Read the Lecture Notes A321 (English, PW). Check out the resources on EMIL.
2. ATA 24 and Avionic Systems: Read the General Lecture Notes (English/German, PW) or go to the Book Chapter "Flugzeugsysteme" (German, Open Access).
3. Check out examination from summer 2016 and more.
4. Check out: http://CabinAir.ProfScholz.de.
5. Watch: The Video on Cabin Air Contamination.
Homework 3:
1. Do "Quiz Lecture #3" and "Quiz Lecture #4" on EMIL!
2. Work with literature from the HAW library:
1. Get the book by Linke-Diesinger from http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs/books. If necessary install VPN;
2. Copy last paragraph on page 63 which continues to page 64 in German in you homework;
3. Translate to English;
4. Explain with your own words: How aircraft cabin air gets contaminated! Make also reference to http://CabinAir.ProfScholz.de.
3. Describe (extensively) the cabin air recirculation in the A321. You MUST include a schematic into your homework. Please include in your answer - among others - these details:
1. Where is the air coming from that ventilates the cabin?
2. What percentage of this air is recirculated?
3. What is the path of the air during recirculation? Is it filtered? Could it be filtered? How? See also here!
4. Where is the air leaving the aircraft?
5. The air from which part of the aircraft is mixed with air from what other part of the aircraft due to recirculation? (Hint: consider cabin, cockpit, cargo compartment, lavatory, galley!)
4. Deliver your Homework to EMIL (http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs). Throughout your homework cite all used literature and URLs as given in the homework template with author and year (format: Author yyyy)! Provide a List of References! Check out Hints on ISO 690 for more information about citations.
• WEEKS 7 and 8: Deadline for Homework: 18.05.2022
Tasks:
1. ATA 27, 29, 25: Read the Lecture Notes A321 (English, PW). Check out the resources on EMIL.
2. ATA 27, 29, 25: Read the General Lecture Notes (English/German, PW) or go to the Book Chapter "Flugzeugsysteme" (German, Open Access).
3. Checkout: http://corona.ProfScholz.de.
4. Watch: Three Cabin Air Videos.
5. Read: Aircraft Cabin Ventilation Theory.
Homework 4:
1. Do "Quiz Lecture #5" on EMIL
2. Discuss / answer (extensively):
1. The "Fake-News" (#HEPAlies) of the Aviation Industry!
2. The air flow rate for ventilation is given by certification rules. How is the air change rate influenced by the volume (per passenger)?
3. The air flow rate for ventilation is given by certification rules. There is a constant source strength of contamination. How does a (virus) concentration change with air change rate?
4. To what value is the concentration reduced (with ventilation efficiency of 100% and no further contamination) after one theoretical air exchange?
5. The recovery time is the time a concentration is reduced to 1% (Grade B cleanroom). At 1% we thus consider a concentration to be washed out. How many theoretical air exchanges, tn1 are necessary to wash out a room if the ventilation efficiency is assumed to be 46.05% and there is no further contamination?
3. Deliver your Homework to EMIL (http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs). Throughout your homework cite all used literature and URLs as given in the homework template with author and year (format: Author yyyy)! Provide a List of References! Check out Hints on ISO 690 for more information about citations.
• WEEKS 9 and 10: Deadline for Homework: 01.06.2022
Tasks:
1. ATA 26, 28, 49: Read the Lecture Notes A321 (English, PW). Check out the resources on EMIL.
2. ATA 26, 28, 49: Read the General Lecture Notes (English/German, PW) or go to the Book Chapter "Flugzeugsysteme" (German, Open Access).
3. We turn to Maintenance Costs:
1. Read on Material zur Wahlpflichtvorlesung Auslegung von Flugzeugsystemen: Das Skript zur Vorlesung, Chapter 3.3 (PDF, German) or Maintenance Costs (PDF, English)
2. Read about "Wartungsaufwandsanalyse auf Systemebene" / "Maintenance Cost Analysis on System Level" on Material zur Wahlpflichtvorlesung Auslegung von Flugzeugsystemen: Wartungsaufwandsanalyse (PDF, German) and/or Direct Maintenance Costs - Art or Science (PDF, English [user: student; you know the PW from the course]). German students: Please read both PDFs.
Homework 5:
1. Do "Quiz Lecture #6" on EMIL in English!
2. Re-Calculate related to Task 3: The example given in Direct Maintenance Costs - Art or Science. Use the Excel Table MaintenanceAnalysis.xls. In the year 1989: Maintenenance costs of the A340-200 for ATA21 (at that time unknown) were estimated from the (known) maintenenance costs of the A300-600R! Note: LR = 20 US$/h. All students: Do not only type in blindly the numbers, but compare with equations as well as with the German Sources (Bild 2,3 and Tafel 4,5,6,7 as given this PDF).
3. Upload your numerical results into the EMIL Database for Homework 5 on http://purl.org/profscholz/emil/fs.
• WEEKS 11 and 12: Deadline for Homework: 15.06.2022
Tasks:
1. ATA 30: Read the Lecture Notes A321 (English, PW). Check out the resources on EMIL.
2. ATA 30: Read the General Lecture Notes (English/German, PW) or go to the Book Chapter "Flugzeugsysteme" (German, Open Access).
3. More to come!
Homework 6:
1. Do "Quiz Lecture #7" on EMIL in English!
• WEEKS 13 and 14: Until date of examination
Tasks: Read and understand the remaining chapters of the lecture notes!
1. ATA 32 Landing Gear / ATA 35 Oxygen / ATA 38 Water and Waste : Read the Lecture Notes A321 (English, PW). Check out the resources on EMIL.
2. ATA 32 Landing Gear / ATA 35 Oxygen / ATA 38 Water and Waste : Read the General Lecture Notes (English/German, PW) or go to the Book Chapter "Flugzeugsysteme" (German, Open Access).
Homework 7:
1. Do "Quiz Lecture #8" on EMIL in English!
• REST OF SEMESTER Prepare for Examination.
• Examination: xx.xx.2022, xx:00. See Emil.

Prepare your Homework

The buttom opens the HTML-Editor on html-cleaner.com. Alternatively, use the HTML-Editors from wordtohtml.net (does not work in old browsers) or htmlg.com (limited to 300 words in new browsers). These HTML-Editors have been tested. You can find many more Online HTML-Editors.

Getting started: Video: How to use the/an HTML-Editor and more Video Tutorials for HTMLG.

Writing equations (HTML is not particularly good at it): The HTML-Editor helps you to write subscripts with <sub> and superscripts with <sup>. Find help on Greek and Math (&alpha; => α) and find more Math Symbols. Alternatively you can use an Equation-Editor.

To display pictures in your homework, you need to upload the image to a web server and add the link to the HTML document with an <img> tag. Store your images e.g. with postimages.org.
Example: <img src="https://i.postimg.cc/DZvJBKzX/Room218b-S.jpg">

How to store your results (without paying for membership at the HTML-Editor) and how to display and check your results before uploading in any browser is explained in:
Text formatting with the HTML-Editor

Once done:
Copy the HTML-Code from the HTML-Editor.
Paste it as HTML-Code in EMIL for the homework in question. See EMIL for details and further explanations.

Homework Template

GivenName FamilyName

Lecture: Aircraft Design, SS 2020, Week 1

1.) Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet adipiscing bibendum sem orci? A question is given in bold face.

In publishing and graphic design, Lorem ipsum is a placeholder text commonly used to demonstrate the visual form of a document. More information on Wikipedia.

Write your homework by copying this text into the right hand (HTML) window of an Online HTML-Editor and start modifying the text in the left (WYSIWYG) window of the Online HTML-Editor to make it your own homework.

Dolor id fringilla ut lacinia sem ut pretium ante, luctus hendrerit porttitor etiam malesuada eleifend vel suscipit fusce molestie posuere venenatis:

• pellentesque fusce eros, etiam amet est netus nostra suspendisse,
• condimentum, nulla felis inceptos id quam velit integer orci pretium placerat maecenas ante congue purus enim sociosqu odio erat,
• eleifend vestibulum euismod, quam convallis posuere habitasse,
• odio vitae quisque faucibus vulputate primis integer tellus fusce.

2.) Placerat ultrices lacus elementum eu purus, proin ullamcorper class sagittis molestie! A task is given in bold face.

Leo sed dolor quam feugiat ut suscipit praesent fusce bibendum magna mattis (Figure 1), mi laoreet eu orci integer pretium sapien litora sit quisque velit torquent ut aenean per conubia velit (Table 1), dictum gravida viverra nibh curabitur, donec platea lobortis leo tincidunt.

(1)   c = (a² + b²)^½

(2)   v(t) = v₀ + a t

(3)   θ = α + γ

Alternatively you can use an Equation-Editor:

(1)   

(2)   

(3)   

Equations start with the equation number on the left. Tables have captions. Figures have subtitles. Tables and figures are numbered separately and are mentioned in the text at least once. A short quotation is done like this: "Be warned, my son, ... Of making many books there is no end, and much study wearies the body." (New International Version, Pred 12,12). A longer quotation can be done in a separate paragraph in italics. The reference is given with the authors family name and the year of publication.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. (Smith 2019)

Referencing with the author-year-style follows ISO 690 as explained here.

Table 1: Data of passenger aircraft

Figure 1: A320 System Simulator at HAW Hamburg

List of References

FAMILYNAME, Givenname, yyyy. Title. Location: Publisher.

SMITH, John, 2019. Aircraft of the World. New York: Eastman.

Source Code of Homework Template

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Does the homework have any effect on the final result at the end of the semester?
Yes: It counts 30%. The final examination counts 70%.

  Prof. Dr. Scholz
  Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO)
  Aeronautical Engineering
  Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering
  Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
  Hamburg University of Applied Sciences