Aircraft Design
Conquer
1.1 Requirements, Parameters, Constraints and Objec tives
1.2 Aircraft Design: Part of Aircraft Development
1.3 General Approach to Aircraft Design
2.1 Preliminary Sizing
2.2 Conceptual Design
3 Requirements and Certification
3.1 Origin of Requirements for Aircrafts
3.1.1 Analysis of the Seat-Range Diagram
3.1.2 Analysis of the Route Network of an Airline
3.1.3 Analysis of a Full Market Survey
3.2 Calculation of Required Payload
3.3 Payload-Range Diagram
3.4 Certification
4 Aircraft Configurations Dieter Scholz
4.1 Three-View Drawings of Conventional Aircraft Co nfigurations
4.2 Three-View Drawings of Unconventional Configurations
5.1 Landing Distance
5.2 Take-off Distance
5.3 Climb Rate during 2nd Segment
5.4 Lift-to-Drag Ratio with Extended Landing Gear and Extended Flaps
5.5 Climb Rate during Missed Approach
5.6 Cruise
5.6.1 Thrust-to-Weight Ratio
5.6.2 Wing Loading
5.7 Lift-to-Drag Ratio during Cruise
5.8 Matching Chart
5.9 Maximum Take-Off Mass
5.9.1 Operating Empty Mass and Useful Load
5.9.2 Fuel Fractions
5.10 Take-off Thrust and Wing Area
6 Fuselage and Cabin Conceptual Design
6.1 Fuselage Cross-Section and Cargo Compartment
6.2 Cockpit, Cabin and Fuselage Tail Section
7.1 Wing Parameters
7.2 Basic Principle and Design Equations
7.3 Flight and Operational Characteristics
7.4 Ailerons and Spoilers
7.5 Example: The Wing of the Airbus A310
8 High Lift Systems and Maximum Lift Coefficients
8.1 High Lift Systems
Trailing edge high lift systems
Leading edge high lift systems
Generation of high lift
8.2 Calculation of Maximum Lift Coefficients
The maximum lift coefficient of an airfoil
The maximum lift coefficient of a wing
Increase in maximum lift coefficient of an airfoil through high lift devices
Increase in the maximum lift coefficient of a wing through high lift devices
8.3 Design of High Lift Systems
9.1 Functions of Empennages TrimStabilityControl
9.2 Shapes of the Empennage
9.3 Design Rules
9.4 Design According to Tail Volume
9.5 Elevator and Rudder
10 Prediction of Mass and CG-Location
10.1 Mass Forecasts
10.2 Centre of Gravity Calculations
11.1 Horizontal Tailplane Sizing
Horizontal tailplane sizing according to control requirement
Horizontal tailplane sizing according to stability requirement
Horizontal tailplane sizing – overall picture
11.2 Parameters for Horizontal Tailplane Sizing
Aerodynamic center
Lift coefficient
Zero lift angle of attack for a wing
Downwash angle
Pitching moment of the airfoil at the aerodynamic center
Pitching moment of the wing at the aerodynamic center Downwash gradient
11.3 Vertical Tailplane Sizing
Vertical tailplane sizing according to control requirement
Vertical tailplane sizing according to stability requirement
General assessment of vertical tailplane sizing
11.4 Parameters for Vertical Tailplane Sizing The rudder - a plain flap
Stability coefficient
Stability coefficient
12 Landing Gear Conceptual Design and Integration
Stable stand on the ground
Tail and bank angle clearance
Nose landing gear load
Integrate wing landing gear into wing plan form
Prevent airport surface damage (ACN)
Wheel load carrying capability
Compact integration
Free fall capability
Absorb touch down energy
Braking at take off and landing
General layout of the landing gear
Iterative process
13.1 Drag Polar
13.2 Drag
13.3 Zero-Lift Drag
13.4 Wave Drag
13.5 Induced Drag and Oswald Factor
14.1 Costing as an Assessment Method in Aircraft Design
14.1.1 Cost Analysis from the Perspective of the Aircraft Manufacturer
14.1.2 Cost Analysis from the Perspective of the Operator
14.2 Overview of Assessment Methods
14.3 Direct Operating Costs (DOC)
14.3.1 Calculation of DOC
14.3.2 Representation of DOC
14.3.3 Calculation of DOC Cost Elements - Depreciation
14.3.4 Calculation of DOC Cost Elements - Interest
14.3.5 Calculation of DOC Cost Elements - Insurance
14.3.6 Calculation of DOC Cost Elements - Fuel Costs
14.3.7 Calculation of DOC Cost Elements - Maintenance Costs
14.3.8 Calculation of DOC Cost Elements - Staff Costs
14.3.9 Calculation of DOC Cost Elements - Fees and Charges
14.3.10 Calculation of Aircraft Utilization
14.3.11 DOC Model Data
14.4 Final Comments
